You receive 1TP (Training Point) every turn which may be used to improve your character's skills or buy new skills. The cost of improving a skill is the new level of the skill, so Rank 1 costs 1TP, going from Rank 3 to Rank 4 costs 4TP.
Traits cannot be bought, although it may be possible to acquire them in play. Some may require active effort, so you could pick up ”Personal Holdings” of a private army by spending enough time recruiting troops. Others may be awarded, such as gaining influence if you do lots of good things for your race. Others such as Archivist and Enchanter are not available during play except under exceptional circumstances.
Specialisations can be gained by spending 2TP and spending a Major Action on Training.
Skill Advancements should be noted at the end of your turnsheet.
Benefits from Skill Advancement will be available for the next turn.
If you're generating a second character or joining the game once it's already underway then you'll receive Training Points to keep your character in line with the rest of the player base.
In this case generate the character using the normal Character Generation rules and then add Training Points as if the character had been present since the start of the game and spend them as detailed above.